Comparing Martin Luther King and Malcolm X Essay - 782 Words

Comparing Martin Luther King and Malcolm X Martin Luther King and Malcolm X are to diverse individuals with two opposite personalities but both successfully succeeded in achieving freedom and bringing equality to black Americans discriminated against for many years even after the abolishment of slavery. Martin Luther King was born in 1929, in Georgia, Atlanta. Unlike the other black people in the southern states he was different he grew up in well off family who was freely educated a key factor in his personal achievements. During his younger adult years just like his father who was a preacher King decided to work in the Christian church as a Baptist Minster. He idolised Mohandas Karamchand†¦show more content†¦But reason behind why the campaign was held there was because King believed that if he could stop segregation in Birmingham he had the ability to stop it anywhere. But also it was at this one demonstration that was the turning point in the fight for black civil rights thanks to new technology at this time being the television people both white and black could see for themselves the innocent brutal treatment received by the blacks from whites, therefore it convinced many people to join the bid for civil rights. In 1964 saw civil rights movement for black Americans progress further through another organised march from Selma Alabama to Montgomery to draw attention about their right to vote. But their protest did not run like clock works as white officers tried to oppose the black demonstrators by using several methods to bring down moral including hosing and beating them down and gassing the determined crowd. Eventually the crowd retreated but with a prayed to God before hand. But through all this discrimination and violence under taken by blacks concluded in a positive result as the laws were amended and the black’s right to vote was granted. Kings philosophy of receiving fair treatment is to be friendly and peaceful was a true meaningful saying. Martin Luther King is a dominant figure even today inShow MoreRelatedComparing Martin Luther King And Malcolm X917 Words   |  4 Pagescontrast Martin Luther King and Malcolm X. Martin Luther King and Malcolm X were both civil rights leaders during the 1960s, but had different ideologies on how civil rights should be won. Both men were also deeply religious, but followed different religions and paths. The Great Depression never ended for African Americans; while others enjoyed an economic recovery, Black unemployment rose. Martin Luther King says that economic inequality in America became particularly obvious in 1963 (King, 23).Read MoreComparing the Beliefs of Martin Luther King and Malcolm X Essay1782 Words   |  8 PagesComparing the Beliefs of Martin Luther King and Malcolm X By April 1968, two of the worlds most remembered civil rights leaders, who fought for a difference in black America, had been assassinated. Despite their different beliefs and their different ways of promoting this message, they both had the same goal in mind; to promote black respect and pride. The visionary and angry voices of Martin Luther King Jr., and Malcolm X together transformed theological thinking in Read MoreComparing The Life And Leadership Of Dr. Martin Luther King And Malcolm X1764 Words   |  8 Pageswhen a young pastor named Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. led the largest civil rights boycott against the Montgomery, Alabama bus system. Through his charisma and commitment, Martin Luther King Jr. was one of the strongest and influential civil rights activists. Nevertheless, he was not the only one in the fight for equality. A revolutionary by the name of Malcolm Little, later changing his name to Malcolm X, rose up and created the belief of Black Nationalism. Malcolm X believed in fighting the enemyRead More Some Lead, Some Follow, Others Change the World1114 Words   |  5 Pagesmost throughout this movement of change: Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s form of protesting was the more effective than activist Malcolm X and was the reason for the majority of success during the Civil Rights movement. This is because Malcolm X’s cause would only slow progress during the movement, Martin Luther King Jr. had more authority, and he understood that peaceful protesting is the very genesis of redefining a nation. Malcolm X’s cause did not support any advancement inRead MoreMartin Luther King And King Remembered By Malcolm X Analysis804 Words   |  4 Pageswithout the help of notable activists Martin Luther King Jr and Malcolm X. Two bold and heroic men, one nonviolent and the other defiant. Yet, despite their different approaches to unjust acts each man made a similar difference. In the book King Remembered, authors Flip Schulke and Penelope O. McPhee quote King when he gracefully states, â€Å"If you want to say that I was a drum major, say that I was a drum major for justice; say that I was a drum major for peace†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . King stood righteously for nonviolenceRead MoreEssay on Mlk Malcom X Compare/Contrast1044 Words   |  5 PagesM.L.K and Malcolm X The two most influential civil rights activists in American history were Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. They supported equal rights for every race, but when comparing MLK’s â€Å"I Have a Dream’ and Malcolm X’s â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet,† one sees the similarities in their rhetorical styles and differences in their tone and message. As seen in â€Å"I Have a Dream,† MLK has a more civilized and peaceful solution to the nation’s problems; whereas in X’s he has a will to do whateverRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil Rights Movement1260 Words   |  6 Pageswith hate and anger. The Civil Rights Movement is embodied in dramatic recorded speeches. Speeches like â€Å"I have A Dream†, the â€Å"Black Revolution†, and â€Å"Black Power’ and Coalition Politics. These speeches were written by great leaders. Martin Luther King Jr, Malcolm X, and Bayard Rusting were just some of the wise leaders of t he Civil Rights. However, these influential leaders had a different view on how things had to be done during the civil rights movement. In 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court declaresRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of Ballot or the Bullet Sppech by Malcolm X1359 Words   |  6 PagesAs one of the most proficient civil rights activist of the 1960s, Malcolm X and his speeches were very influential but particularly one speech was highly esteemed, that being the Ballot or the Bullet speech. A speech that was given after the I have A Dream speech by Dr. Martin Luther King. Despite, Dr. Martin Luther King being a pacifist and also a civil rights activist as well; Malcolm X was more tyrannical and advocated the use of violence. During this era, the democrats were in control of theRead MoreMartin and Malcolm Essay2150 Words   |  9 PagesAlthough Martin Luther King and Malcolm X both provided exceptional leadership during the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s, both took different paths in fighting for African American rights. The two, separately, were the defining figures of the 1960s black freedom struggle. On one side, you had a comfortable middle-class family southern Baptist: King, who advocated nonviolence learned through the studying of Gandhi juxtaposed with X, advocating social awareness who learned by experiencing injusticeRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Of The 1950s And 1960s1183 Words   |  5 Pageswill discuss social challenges in the 1950s and 1960s to the discriminative laws and the legal impact these challenges had on African-Americans at the time. In the 1950s and 1960s, leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr and Malcolm X galvanised both black and white Americans to fight for equal rights. King, described by Anthony Badger as ‘indispensable’ to the Civil Rights movement, was one of the leaders in the 1963 Birmingham Campaign. This campaign protested segregation laws in the city, and the

Small Business Plan Free Essays

string(44) " variety of locations throughout the world\." Small Business Plan m m C C Executive Summary Proposed Name of business: Chocolate Milk Proposed address: Prime function of the business: providing a variety of clothing to men Mission statement of the business: to provide Men with quality clothing, having a variety and a great location. Vision of the business: aim of the business is to expand and franchise to allow customers to purchase quality clothing Legal structure of the business: legal structure of Chocolate Milk is a private company that is an incorporated business with limited liability. Chocolate Milk has become a sole trader, positive highs of becoming a sole trader is that you are able to make your own decisions. We will write a custom essay sample on Small Business Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now If the business is interested in expanding in the future it will then become a franchise, doing so will expand the business so it then becomes well known and is a great marketing strategy. C C The products your business will sell: C C M M Casual T-shirts M M C C Dressy tops (club wear) M M C C M M Jeans pants (long /and shorts) Jackets / jumpers (ranging from all different materials) Swimwear (trending shorts) Accessories ( backpacks, sunglasses, bracelets) Financial goals of the business: Expanding into a franchise Having a variety of men’s clothing (shoes, hats, jewellery) To expand and produce chocolate milks own clothing line Social goals of the business: Personal goals of the business: Situation Analysis Target Market: the target market of chocolate milks business is targeting the ages of 17 to 26 these are the ages that continue to stay with the trend, the most popular clothing being casual but indie, meaning fashion that will stir the normal trend, and may even bring the old ones in. Key competitors: The key competitors of chocolate milk are a variety of high fashion trend stores that have become very popular are: These stores are high competitors because they have franchised and expanded their business. They have gone further to put up a online store for their brand, which has expanded them further, it is a good market plan that boosts up your business, and gets your name/brand known all over the world. These stores are a main threat to chocolate milk because they serve for the same age group and have the same fashion trends. The establishment stage of the business: Chocolate milk has many characteristics of the establishment stage of the business life cycle some are: Positive cash flow Creating name/brand of the business and registering it as your own Monitoring the business and evaluating the weakness’s and improving on it to then set a firm foundation for your business, for the future years, and continually improving Having a healthy customer base flowing in Benefiting your business by having a positive amount of profit Having high quality staff that will represent your business Continually staying on top of all the financial work within the business Swot Analysis  ¦| | | | Outline strengths(internal)| | Outline weaknesses (internal)| Outline opportunities (external)| Outline threats(external)| * Customer loyalty * Having popular products * Keeping up with fashions trends within the market * Having high quality staff that are continually proving themselves| | * Main weakness the business faces is that it hasn’t expanded to be an online store to further more opportunities * And having only one location is a very big challenge because advertising has to be very high * Only targeting men| * To target the online market sales * Having new technology to increase our customer base (advertising on high end sites that will gain interest of customers)| * Customers are continually using the online buying instead of going into stores which threatens chocolate milk. * People make cheaper clothes that look the same as chocolate milks brands. | Operations plan Key products that will sell: Key products that chocolate milk will sell are high new quality clothing all original and unique in their own way, the clothing brands we are to sell are what will bring the business to have a high product sales. Service offered: Chocolate milk is located in one of the high fashion places in Sydney, this gives us a variety of great customers, having a large store that operates with a large range of clothing, walking into the store gives males a variety they need. Equipment required: Equipment chocolate milk will need to operate the store and to be able to display all the products will be a variety of different shelves, racks, tables, dressing rooms, POS ( two, point of sale), a steam iron ( for the more delicate items that crease), those are the items needed. Laws and regulations: As any business they need to follow the laws and regulations that the Government put down, by doing this your bettering your business by having guidelines and rules, this really contributes to your business/workplace. Some of the laws and regualstions that chocolate milk needs to abide by are: * New South Wales Occupational Health and Safety Act 2000 * Sex Discrimination Act 1984 * The Age Discrimination Act 2004 * Equal Employment Opportunity * Fair Trading Act * Fair Work Act * Australian consumer rights * NSW Tax laws and regulations Suppliers and their location and what they are supplying: Levi – Levi home base is located in ‘San Francisco, the United States’ since the company’s founding in 1853. But through the years their headquarters have branched out and some of these locations are now in Brussels-Europe, Middle East and North Africa, Singapore – Asia Pacific Division Headquarters. This brand/label will supply Chocolate Milk with high quality jeans, ranging from all different types of denim material, and all having a unique design. Address/location/country/Telephone/Fax San Francisco, U. S. A| Europe, Middle East and North Africa| Singapore| Levi Strauss Co. 1155 Battery StreetSan Francisco, CA 94111U. S. A. Tel: (415) 501-6000Fax: (415) 501-7112| Levi Strauss Europe, Middle East and North Africa (LSEMA) Avenue Arnaud Fraiteur 15-23 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: (32-2) 641-6011| 1 Kim Seng Promenade #16-01 Great World City East Tower Singapore 237994 Tel: (65) 735-9303 Fax: (65) 735-2923| Wrangler – Its headquarters is in Greensboro, North Carolina in the United States, with headquarters in a variety of locations throughout the world. You read "Small Business Plan" in category "Essay examples" Some of them are based in North America, Asia, Latin America, and Europe. This brand/label will provide chocolate milk with top of the range; jeans, T-shirt, Jackets, and accessories that will help your fashion trends throughout the seaons. Australian headquarters based in Victoria TRUE ALLIANCE 270 DAREBIN RD FAIRFIELD VICTORIA AUSTRALIA 3078 +61 3 9481 9999 Factors affecting choice of suppliers: Chocolate Milk has chosen these brand/labels for the purpose that they are well known all over the world, they have the trending fashion for men that is very popular, all the brands have high quality clothing they all brands appeal to target market being male men of the ages17 to 29. These labels are well known for the quality product they produce and with this comes affordable prices. Shop layout My shop layout is convenient in many ways not just to my business that is very high in advertising of the products but the way the public view it from the outside as well. I want my shop to be known as a well-respected business throughout the community. The way I’ve designed my shop is to bring customers in, hoping they’ll be intrigued by the displays and the whole cleanness of the shop, the environment is clean that I am in, so my shop shouldn’t ever be below standards. I have defined clear exits signs (emergency exits) making it easy for people to view and the shop is very open and spread out so there should be an obstacles in the way in case of an emergency, this also help my customers to walk freely throughout the shop not feeling confined. The theme of the shop is wild and free letting the young youth of our generation be shown through all the displaying furniture, having unusual displays to present the product this is how we intrigue our target market, by the unusual. Inventory Control: The way I will be able to monitor my inventory flow (stock), I will be coming into work on the day the business is closed ‘Wednesday’ being that day and I will be going through all the items my ‘inventory’ whether that be the clothes, accessories. I will be filling out how many items we have out on display and at the back (storage) and the sheet I have printed will tell me how many I should have in stock, and I will then count up how many we have displaying and out back in storage, and then come up with a final sheet to see if any of the stock is missing. Example inventory control sheet: Date: Wednesday 25th of July| Name: clothing stock take| Label| Item Code| Category| The quantity you should have in stock| Quantity you have:| Inventory lost | Levi| M308352929723| Jackets- denim| 20| 20| | Wrangler| S934U935U2020| Original wrangler T-shirt -cotton| 15| 13| 2| Element| D9234834E0343| Hat| 5| 5| | Stussy| H2349743752H2| Singlet| 11| 11| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Quality control procedures- Depending on the flow of inventory that is getting sold, that will decided on the amount of stock that will be brought . Whether extra stock should be brought for a popular item (one that is getting sold out). Again buying more stock and new stock for the seasons depends on sales. Employment relations Plan: The levels of staffing in Chocolate Milk are: 1 full time 5 part time staff Recruitment process/ development program: The recruitment approach that chocolate milk uses is a 7 stage process, this process consists of: After this you will begin training, 5 training shifts where you will be shown through the procedures of the shop and POS. After this you will begin training, 5 training shifts where you will be shown through the procedures of the shop and POS. Website (www. chocolatemilk. com. au) Website (www. chocolatemilk. com. au) You will attend an introduction day going through the shop and answering any questions. You will attend an introduction day going through the shop and answering any questions. Options- career -fill out cover letter and resume plus availability (hours days ) Options- career -fill out cover letter and resume plus availability (hours days ) Then after the 5 shifts you are able to be on your own if needed, but you will be watched for a 3 month period Then after the 5 shifts you are able to be on your own if needed, but you will be watched for a 3 month period If you receive a call back again after the face to face interview you have been successful and received the job If you receive a call back again after the face to face interview you have been successful and received the job If selected you will receive a phone call, (an over the phone interview) If selected you will receive a phone call, (an over the phone interview) During face to face interview you will be asked a series of questions and fill out more application forms During face to face interview you will be asked a series of questions and fill out more application forms If selected again after the interview you will be called to have a face to face interview If selected again after the interview you will be called to have a face to face interview New employees go through a introduction day, this day will give them more insight on the business they will soon be working for. This day consists of going through the everyday procedures, and going through all the rules and regulations of the business. When rostered on they will be going through five training shifts, these training shifts will consist of learning: * Learning POS (Point Of Sale) ( greeting the customer) * Team work ( a successful business is only successful if everyone works together) * Floor duties ( moment of truth- be polite to customers by greeting them) * Decision making * Emergency exit meeting point Employee wages: * Full time staff – $ 20 an hour Part time staff – $ 16 an hour Days| Danielle| Jess| Mel| Stephanie| Nicole| Mechelen| Hours open| Monday| Danielle| Jess| | | | | 7hrs| Tuesday| Danielle| | | | Nicole| | 7hrs| Wednesday| Danielle (stock)| —–| ——-| ————-| ———- | ————| 2hrs| Thursday| Danielle| Jess| Mel| | | | 7hrs| Friday| | | | Stephanie| | | 4hrs| Saturday| Danielle| | | | Nicole| Mechelen| | Sunday| ———–| ——-| ——-| ————-| ———–| ————| ———–| Total worked hours during the week:| 30hrs| 14hrs | 7hrs| 4hrs| 14hrs| 7hrs| | On-costs for the business Some on-costs of Chocolate Milk are: * OHS requirements Long service leave * Sick leave * Holiday pay * Maternity leave * Leave loading * Wages * Insurance Non-monetary benefits: Chocolate Milk has many non-monetary benefits for staff members that have done great work and have shown that they are following work procedures and guidelines; some of these are: * Retailer voucher * Movie voucher * Discount on products Worker appraisal process: * Promotions within the business * Rewards received ( extra benefi ts, for following working procedures) Marketing Plan Marketing objectives: Chocolate Milks marketing objective is to increase the business of the store (getting the name known) by 40% in the next 12 months. By doing this we will have a high customer base, and we will be able to add more features to our stores: e. g. Loyalty cards, giving our employees discounts and promotional offers. Competitive advantage of this business Chocolate Milk as a business has many competitive advantages such as; * Unique clothing * High up in all fashion trends * Staff continue to help the business grow * Targeting the young youth Product strategies| Pricing strategies| Promotion strategies| Distribution strategies| -great quality products-unique designs-the products that are sold are eye catching -| Chocolate uses Market price method of pricing-the products sold at Chocolate milk have a price mark-up of 2. (250%)| Upselling of business– staff tell customers the benefits of the storeA big promotional strategy are loyalty cards Advertising- advertising on high end sites or social networks for example Facebook, and magazines | The distribution method used for Chocolate Milk is:Producerwholesalerretaile rCustomer| Financial Plan Type of finance required: The owner equity is 20’000 to start up the business while the loan was 10’000. This was the best option of finance because Chocolate Milk needed this to start up the business and push through all the circumstances and challenges of the establishment stage of a business. Breakeven point – Breakeven point in needed to see the estimate amount of goods you need to sell to make a profit. Break even = total fixed costs Unit price – variable costs per unit 193508 40 – 15 = 7740. 32 000 $000 108 Breakeven6 Variable costs , Fixed costs4 Revenue20 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 1000$0000 $0000 | Revenue: Revenue Statement Chocolate Milk For year ending Sales 500 000 Less COGS 80 000 Gross Profit 420 000 Less Operating Expenses Selling expenses Advertising 2000 Wages 88608 Deliveries 1000 91608 Aministrative expenses Rent 104000 Telephone 2000 Stationary 200 106200 Financial Expenses Insurance 1500 1500 199308 Net profit 220692 Revenue Statement Chocolate Milk For year ending Sales 500 000 Less COGS 80 000 Gross Profit 420 000 Less Operating Expenses Selling expenses Advertising 2000 Wages 88608 Deliveries 1000 91608 Aministrative expenses Rent 104000 Telephone 2000 Stationary 200 106200 Financial Expenses Insurance 1500 1500 199308 Net profit 220692 This Revenue statement allows the business to be financially stable. Due to the high cost of rent and wages, the business may suffer through the year and not make a substantial amount of net-profit. Even though these expenses of the business are very high it is necessary and relevant, this revenue statement shows that needs to increase sales so the net profit will not be as affect when all the expenses are paid. Balance Sheet: This Balance Sheet shows that the businesses assets to liabilities and owners’ equity are balanced. This allows Chocolate milk to be financially stable. Balance SheetChocolate MilkAssets LiabilitiesCurrent AssetsCurrent Liabilities Accounts Receivable 19000Accounts Payable 900stock 3400 Non-current AssetsNon-current LiabilitiesEquipment 590Loan 2090Owner’s EquityCapital 20 0002299022990| How to cite Small Business Plan, Essay examples

Lender Liability for Environmental Harm free essay sample

Describes compares laws, principles cases in U.S., Canada Australia, focusing on responsibility for contaminated sites. Ownership, cleanup costs, shareholders, court decisions. This paper will examine how the issues of lender liability for environmental harms are handled in the United States. Canada, and Australia. The main focus of the paper will be on the whether a lender can be held liable for environmental harms as an owner or person in control of a contaminated site. The principle way in which a lender can be held liable is by forcing it to pay for the cost of cleaning up a contaminated site. The main controversy in this area is whether the security interest held by a lender is a sufficient enough property interest to classify the lender as an owner or gives the lender enough control of the contaminated site. The section of this paper concerning the United States will focus solely upon federal law, namely CERCLA, since federal environmental law constitutes a fairly comprehensive

Matagari and Decolonization Essay Example

Matagari and Decolonization Paper â€Å"There are two worlds. There is the world of those who accept things as they are, and there is that of those who want to change things. Which world do you belong to? † (p. 76) Throughout Ngugi wa Thiong’o†s novel, Matigari, the main character proves himself to be a strong, intelligent, peaceful man who appears to have his head on straight and sees the state of the world in the precisely right shade. From page one he allows the reader to gain his trust and from then on you find yourself cringing at the â€Å"upside-down† world Matigari is trying to navigate his way through. The main purpose of this paper is to show that decolonization does not only mean the transfer of power to an independent homeland, as it will not be successful. But rather, it must also encompass the freedom of the nation’s spirit and the personal culture of all its citizens. Matigari ma Njiruungi is a radicalist. The two-day journey that takes place during the course of the novel is an adventure that Matigari embarks upon to try to regain what is rightfully his. This can be a metaphor of sorts in saying that Matigari is really trying to turn the corrupted world of imperialism back on it’s feet, back into something that makes sense. By definition, imperialism is the â€Å"policy, practice, or advocacy of extending the power and dominion of a nation by direct territorial acquisitions or by gaining indirect control over the political or economic life of other areas. † Matigari had spent his life, or at least all that he can remember about it, under somebody else’s rule. First being Settler Williams and then the entire opposing government. We will write a custom essay sample on Matagari and Decolonization specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Matagari and Decolonization specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Matagari and Decolonization specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer His story is not unlike that of Kenyan citizens during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The colonial period of Kenya was exhibited by social pressures and intense oppression. The English rulers restricted the voice of the Kenyans and took away their rights of political participation and alike. These imperialistic policies of England triggered a mounting resentment amongst the Kenyans and created many rebellions and protests, just as Matigari had. It’s a known fact that Matigari, the novel, was actually banned from circulation in Kenya soon after its publication. The Kenyan government believed that the story’s character was a real-life revolutionary plotting to overthrow the government. This was obviously not the case, however it just goes to show how unstable the dictatorial government of Kenya was at the time and how this insecure method of rule could actually be the cause of all the backwards, unfair happenings in the world at this time. The underlying motive of this novel involves Matigari gaining his land back. The land and the property that he created with his own bare hands. This metaphor is comparable to the messy decolonization of Kenya in multiple aspects. When under colonial rule the land of Kenya was owned and operated by the white settlers, and native Africans only occupied minimal measures of desolate land, while majority had no land at all. Therefore, land was a huge economical problem during the colonial history of Kenya. After World War II, as the decolonization movement swept across the world, Kenya started its journey toward independence. The political struggle among white settlers, African natives and the colonial government worsened but eventually, division of agricultural land and ownership was settled through bargain. Matigari spends much of the narrative on a quest to find â€Å"truth and justice† but everywhere he goes, and everyone he runs into gives him some piece of advice that leads him back to himself. I believe that this is Ngugi’s way of explaining that native citizens under colonial rule, or under any type of oppression for that matter, have the power to change things themselves. Matigari didn’t know it at the time, but it was his mission, his struggle, that will lead his fictional community to freedom. It was his personal belief and willpower that will lead Muriuki to victory in a life free of imposed and forced practices. Remember that a country’s welfare and stability are dependent on three kinds of people: the wealthy, the soldiers, and the leaders that’s all we need. † (p. 97) This quote, from the minister, farther proves my point that colonial ruled countries tended to not see the big picture as far as their citizens were concerned. A succe ssful, peaceful place would not exist under these types of biases, which is exactly why decolonization took place all around the world. Precisely like Matigari, citizens would no longer stand quietly under unfair conditions. It dawned on him that one could not defeat the enemy with arms alone, but one could also not defeat the enemy with words alone. One had to have the right words; but these words had to be strengthened by the force of arms† (pg. 111). Matigari, although fictional, does a great job of taking its readers through the struggle of an oppressed citizen under colonial rule. It’s an uplifting story that allows the reader to feel capable and able to do our own part to help rid the world of all its upside-down harshness.

Essay On Du Mauriers Rebecca Essays - Rebecca, Mrs. Danvers

Essay On Du Mauriers Rebecca Essays - Rebecca, Mrs. Danvers Essay On Du Mauriers Rebecca Rebecca is a classic, suspenful , and romantic novel written by Daphne du Maurier. It tells the tragic and emotional story of how the memory of a woman named Rebecca haunted the lives of newleweds Maxim and Mrs. De Winter, and their estate of Manderly. The story opens in Monte Carlo, France and later moves to a small town outside of London. In a hotel in Monte Carlo, France, a young, simple servant girl, who at first remains nameless is acquainted with Maxim de Winter, a wealthy man who owns the estate of Manderly outside of London, England. She falls deeply in love with him, and the two are wed abroad. Upon their return to Manderly, the new Mrs. de Winter is instantly enchanted by the exterior beauty of the estate, and can's hardly wait to be the Madam of the house. She is introduced to the staff of the house, and her impression of them is very well, except for Mrs. Danvers. Mrs. Danvers had been the personal maid of Maxim's deceased wife, Rebecca, and she had been quite fond of her. Mrs. de Winter is constantly being compared to the late Mrs. de Winter, and this makes the new Mrs. de Winter quite uncomfortable, as Mrs. Danvers makes each day a challenge to survive; as well as distancing her from her husband, who she believes is still thinking of Rebecca, and still in love with her. One day, the mystery of Rebecca's de ath is revealed by Maxim. He tells his wife the truth: Rebecca didn't drown to her death, Maxim murdered her. Instead of the angel she was percieved to be, she was rather a devil, who cheated on Maxim with her first cousin, and never loved Maxim from the start. A body is soon found by the shores of Manderly: Rebecca's body. There are suspicions that Maxim killed her, and an inquest is carried out. He was almost caught, but Maxim's name is eventually cleared. As he and Mrs. de Winter return from the inquest in London, they watched Manderly burn to the ground. The first aspect of the novel that appealed to me is the modest character Mrs. de Winter. Her manner is very humble and reserved. She appears to be the un-authoratative type of person, as she doesn't do what pleases her, only others: Oh, well . . . let me see, Mrs. Danvers, I hardly know; I think we had better have what you usually have, whatever you think Mrs. de Winter would have ordered.(pg. 92) She is also very young in the story, young enough to be Maxim's daughter. This explains her shyness in conversations with Maxim's relatives and many friends, as well as her feeling of inferiority to people of better breeding than her. Mrs. de Winters is a developing character in the story, and she is much altered when Maxim reveals the truth of Rebecca's death. Her naive and young nature is gone as she is entangled in the web of Rebecca's evil ways, and Maxim realizes that her innocence is now gone: I can't forget what it has done to you . . . It's gone for ever, that funny, young, lost lo ok that I loved . . . I killed that too, when I told you about Rebecca . . . you are so much older . . .( pg. 313) Mrs. de Winter never lost her feelings of hope, and optemism through the novel. She always found the 'bright side' of things and situations, especially regarding her marriage with Maxim. She had faith that in time, Maxim would love her as she loved him, and of course he had all along. It had only been her feelings of insecurity that inhhibited her from realizing this. She was always willing to mend their marital problems: It's not too late . . . I love you more than anything in the world...(pg. 280) It is interesting that Mrs. de Winter doesn't have a first name, but her character is the most interesting. Setting was of particular interest, because it enhanced the events which took place. The estate of Manderly is by far the most appropriate place ever imaginable for Rebecca .

A Brief Overview of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

The trans-Atlantic slave trade was the largest long-distance coerced movement of people in history and, prior to the mid-nineteenth century, formed the major demographic well-spring for the re-peopling of the Americas following the collapse of the Meridian population. Cumulatively, as late as 1820, nearly four Africans had crossed the Atlantic for every European, and, given the differences in the sex ratios between European and African migrant streams, about four out of every five females that traversed the Atlantic were from Africa.From the late fifteenth century, the Atlantic Ocean, once a formidable barrier that prevented regular interaction between those peoples inhabiting the four continents it touched, became a commercial highway that integrated the histories Of Africa, Europe, and the Americas for the first time. As the above figures suggest, slavery and the slave trade were the linchpins of this process.With the decline of the Meridian population, labor from Africa formed the basis of the exploitation of the gold and agricultural resources of the export sectors of the Americas, with sugar laminations absorbing well over two thirds of slaves carried across the Atlantic by the major European and Euro-American powers. For several centuries slaves were the most important reason for contact between Europeans and Africans.What can explain this extraordinary migration, organized initially on a continent where the institution of slavery had declined or totally disappeared in the centuries prior to Columbian contact, and where, even when it had existed, slavery had never been confined to one group of people? To pose the question differently, why slavery, and why were the slaves carried across the Atlantic exclusively African? The short answer to the first of these two questions is that European expansion to the Americas was to mainly tropical and semi-tropical areas.Several products that were either unknown to Europeans (like tobacco), or occupied a luxury niche in pre-expansion European tastes (like gold or sugar), now fell within the capacity of Europeans to produce more abundantly. But while Europeans could control the production of such exotic goods, it became apparent in the first two centuries af ter Columbian contact that they chose not to supply the labor that would make such output possible.Free European migrants and indentured servants never traveled across the Atlantic in sufficient numbers to meet the labor needs of expanding plantations. Convicts and prisoners the only Europeans who were ever forced to migrate were much fewer in numbers again. Slavery or some form of coerced labor was the only possible option if European consumers were to gain access to more tropical produce and precious metals.

(you decide for me) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

(you decide for me) - Essay Example This type of racism is rampant in white dominated societies. The other form of racism is economic racism; this mainly has historical orientation with regard to economic or social disparity affecting the current generation. Some of these practices include a biased technique of hiring of employees based on race, a biased salary payment procedure, use of inflated requirements with regard to educational qualification or rendering foreign credentials invalid with regard to applying for a position in an organization. It has been argued that, hypothetically, a capitalist economy or profit driven employer reduces racial segregations, in the sense that, capitalists would avoid extra cost by accommodating everyone and minimizing discrimination or any racist hiring policies. However, normally cultural norm or affiliations tend to overwhelm the capitalists ideology in the sense that, hiring an individual of a different race to a managerial position may hamper communication among the other employers, jeopardizing the company’s operations. This tend ency may continue to the outside of the company, as other companies tend to isolate it too. The other form of racism is the institutional racism. This is a form of racism incorporated within the policies of a given institution, its practices and institutional procedures. These policies of which may be lead to deliberately or unconsciously, direct or indirectly promote, support or ingrain differential advantage for individuals belonging to certain races. Generally, institutional racism involves overt racist acts by individuals of which is not adequately responded to by the organization. Institutional racism is not just limited to institutions alone, it extensively covers even governments, co-operations and even religions. For instance, there are governments or branches of government arms that perpetuate racism against individuals with foreign origin by denying them access to basic

Beliefs and Attitudes about Light Cigarettes Essay - 1

Beliefs and Attitudes about Light Cigarettes - Essay Example The result of this misconception is due to tobacco selling companies, misguidance of people who smoke as well as a drawback of incapable government regulatory agencies. This essay evaluates which of the three is more at fault at promoting the increased usage of such cigarettes and which ones follow. Cigarette smoking has been romanticized by popular culture in the past. However, since the awareness about diseases such as lung cancer has increased, an increasing number of people have quit. Yet, the introduction of various brands of ‘Light’ and ‘Ultra-Light’ cigarettes during the 1960s has resulted in an increasing number of people instead of normal cigarettes. This is due to the fact that it is a common belief amongst people in the US that these cigarettes are less effective than the stronger cigarettes with a lesser amount of nicotine. In many researches that have taken place over the past few years, it has been discovered that smoking light or ultra-light cigarettes does not reduce the levels of tobacco and nicotine, nor does it reduce the risk of diseases posed by them. Often tobacco companies claim that it is due to the very concept that their products are sold. In their marketing campaigns and advertisements the companies show a machine test which claims that there are lower levels of tobacco and nicotine in light smokes. However, this may be due to a special type of filter used, which when passed through the machine lets more air pass than tobacco, thus the recorded levels appear to be influenced. Moreover, previous misleading researches have posed the concerns of misinforming the population in general about not only the nominal levels of tobacco in light and ultra-light cigarettes, but also in promoting the fact that they are a relatively healthier option than regular cigarettes, as is negated by the National Cancer Institute. These concerns point towards the fact that the â€Å"big tobacco† companies are increasingly

Dealing with various types of emergency procedures Essay Example for Free

Dealing with various types of emergency procedures Essay The following sets out the principles for dealing with various types of emergency procedures within schools is given as guidance only. Fire other emergencies In the event of fire other emergencies (such as gas leak, flood bomb scare) buildings need to be evacuated quickly but safely. In all schools there should be clear, detailed procedures on evacuation which must be displayed in each area of the school. These procedures should give information on: How to raise the alarm in the event of an emergency. What to do if you hear the fire alarm. The nearest assembly point – this may be a playground, sports field or even a nearby evacuation centre/safety perimeter following instructions from police. Registers should be available so staff can account for the safety whereabouts of all the children. The route you should take – this should include a plan of the route from each room or area of the school, detailing the nearest fire exits. No staff or children should be allowed to stop to collect personal belongings or put on coats. Must not re-enter the building until you have been informed it is safe to do so. Security There should be security in place in schools to minimise the risks to children. As a teaching assistant, you must know what these are follow the procedures at all times. These procedures should include: Security locks on doors. Signing in procedures/visitor badges (you should be able to identify all visitors to the school by badges. If unsure about someone you see on the school grounds, always report your concern to someone higher). Procedures for collection of younger children. Registration. Missing children While security measures should minimise the risk of children going missing, it is vitally important that you follow the school guidelines. As a teaching assistant, you may be asked to accompany children on school visits to supervise a group of children. All staff present on such visits should make regular checks that all children are present. Some schools may require all the children to wear hi-visibility vests or other items which make them easily identifiable during school outings. On discovering children are missing, you must take the following immediate action: Report to the teacher responsible. Ensure the presence safety of the other children by checking the register. Check all surrounding areas from where the child/Children have gone missing, whether it is in the school grounds or during an outing. Inform the child/children’s parents.

The Legalization of Assisted Suicide :: essays research papers fc

The Legalization of Assisted Suicide   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Oregon, the Netherlands, and Belgium are the only three jurisdictions in the world that permit assisted suicide and/or euthanasia. Oregon became the leader of the United States in assisted suicide, when the Oregon legislation passed the Death with Dignity Act in 1994, permitting â€Å"physicians to write prescriptions for a lethal dosage of medication to people with a terminal illness† (Department of Human Services). Oregon’s act specifies who is permitted to assist a terminally ill patient in their time of choosing between life and death. But in the event that the United States as a country legalized assisted suicide, who would determine which patients qualified as terminally ill, and who would be permitted to â€Å"assist† these â€Å"terminally ill† patients? With questions still arising as to how and who on a topic such as assisted suicide, one can only prohibit the action until all aspects have been considered, eliminating confusio n.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Assisted suicide is considered as someone providing another person with information, guidance, and/or means to take his/her own life. It is only considered to be physician assisted suicide (PAS) when a doctor is the provider. In many cases it is the physician who assists a current patient with their final wish of ending his/her life, but what about in other cases? In â€Å"Last Right,† by Carrie Carmichael, Carmichael is asked by her best friend if she (Carmichael’s friend) can jump out of Carmichael’s window. While planning out the action, Carmichael began second-guessing, asking, â€Å"Could I sleep in my room after my friend plunged to her death from my window† (Carmichael, 98)? Not only was Carmichael considering her own emotions, and her own life, but she also considered how the action would affect others: â€Å"Nothing to break her fall. But nothing to protect pedestrians either† (Carmichael, 98). When a person who wishes t o commit suicide pursues assisted suicide, not only is that person affecting themselves, but also those people around them. Carrie Carmichael’s friend had been diagnosed with esophageal cancer, prohibiting her from committing suicide via an over dosage of pills. Carmichael’s friend wanted to commit the suicide before she had became too weak to perform the suicide on her own. In Carrie Carmichael’s case, the â€Å"assistance† provided to her friend was limited because Carmichael drove her friend to the hotel where she would leap from the building, in opposition to those people who injected loved ones with medications or provided the medications for over dosage, only to be provoked to suffocate the family member in time of mishap.

An Episode of My Life- Life of a Grade 8 Student Essay

I woke up in the middle of the night after the weird noise coming from my brother Jake’s room. It was his alarm that made such noise. He has an important high school exam today. Apparently he thought that having a fire drill sound as his alarm tune would surely wake him up, it did but it woke all of us up. After finally being able to sleep again, I woke up around eight o’clock. I was thirty minute later from the time when I usually wake up. It is Wednesday, June 27th. The weather was extremely beautiful and warm, a typical June weather in L.A. After having breakfast and a nice cup of ice tea, I got ready for school. Today was the last day of school so I wanted to enjoy it. I put on an over- sized sweatshirt and paired it with ripped skinny jeans while grabbing a pair of sneakers. I was never allowed to wear such kind of cloths in school, apparently my school is private and only accepts proper dress code. My dad’s driver drove me to school today because I was going to be late. Usually I just walk to school since it only takes me ten minutes. Around nine thirty, I arrived at school. I entered through the front door and saw the crowd surrounding a seventh grader that was being bullied by a bully. This actually happened a lot after he arrived to our school. His name is Thomas Thomson and had been called names ever since last year. He was a show off and had a bad attitude. The bully was Joe Kinderson. He always bullies younger graders and was expelled twice in one year. The only reason he is still here is because of his dad, the president of Kinderson Company. His dad’s company founded our school and that is why our school’s name is Roy Kinderson Academy. Being in a private school had never been what I wanted. If I hadn’t fail grade five, I would still be in Rosemary public school that can give me at least freedom. That was not bad enough, because I got a D on two of my subjects for the past two semesters, I will have to be sent to a boarding school in England and live with my aunt Frowny after summer break. Aunt Frowny’s actual name is Juliana Frowren Williams. My brother and I gave her the nickname â€Å"Frowny† since she barely smiles to us. First period was supposed to be French but Ms. Lewis our homeroom teacher decided to change it into science so she can give us a review quiz on what we learned this year. Our French teacher Madam Garcia was one of the nicest teachers in grade eight due to the fact that she barely gave us any homework and that she always has a big bright smile on her face. Since today was the last day of school, we only had to stay in school until after lunch. We had recess after first period. My two best friends Trina and Elisa were with me along some other girls. They think that going to school in England will be a fairy tale but for me its definitely not. Lunch was pizza and fruit salad. We had to help clean out the classroom before lunch. Around one o’clock we were about to leave. I knew it would be the last time I ever see my friends and teachers so I left early. I didn’t want to get emotional since I was known as a girl who never cries. I will really miss my school but I can still contact people from my school using Facebook. I got home a quarter to two. Took a shower and watched TV until my mom went home. She made me to go shopping with her and buy new cloths for tomorrow. Tomorrow is our family â€Å"Frienbely† day. It was a unique holiday my parents thought about when I was five. They wanted to celebrate the coming of summer break by hanging out with Jake and I as friends for a whole day. We thought it was cool at that time but that was because we were young. As we were on our way to the mall, I had to tell my mom how my day went. I told her about the practice fire drill we had today and the whole morning of cleaning. She asked me if I took memorable pictures with any of my teachers and friends but I said I would still visit them in the summer. The afternoon turned to be a disaster to me. I accidently went off to the wrong escalator and ended up bumping into the set where they were shooting a music video. The camera caught me spilling coffee onto my pants by accident and broadcasted it on the big screen in the mall. The embarrassing thing wasn’t this but my mom. She shopped at my favorite store and bought the exact same cloth I was wearing. She though it would be fun and would be perfect for tomorrow’s â€Å"Frienbely† day. Because my mom withdrawn five of her credit cards last week without knowing, my brother Jake had to come over to pay for her bills. He laughed so hard at both of us and laughed even harder when he saw the big screen playing over my coffee spilling moment. Around seven thirty in the afternoon, my family went out for dinner after my dad returned from work. We had dinner at a famous Spanish restaurant since my mom is half Spanish. The restaurant wasn’t famous because of its extraordinary taste but by its reasonable price and its interesting arrangement of tables. Dad bought cloths for the â€Å"frienbely† day as well. He told his secretary to get the same outfit that matched with the cloths Jake bought last week. I was going to laugh at Jake to get back at him, but I thought I would save it for the next time he makes fun of me. After we got home just before eleven o’clock, I found Jake’s new girlfriend waiting for him by the back door of our house. Jake didn’t tell mom and dad about his new girlfriend because he just broke up with his ex- girlfriend last week and their relationship only lasted for two days. I didn’t tell mom and dad about Jake’s new girl friend because they promised me to buy me a new CD that mom banned me from listening to. They were going to sing at the karaoke club with a bunch of friends to have fun and relax after their two months of studying. I went to bed at two AM in the morning. The new video game I bought last week kept me from sleeping early. After five minute, I slept soundly with a dream that led me to the uncertainness of tomorrow.

Nfl Helmet-to-Helmet Hit Rule

Let Them Play the Game Every part of the game of football means very much to me, which is why I have a passion for the game and why I researched this topic. Helmets are one of the most important pieces of safety gear a football player can have. In October 2010, a new rule was signed off to be placed in the National Football League (NFL) rule book for the safety of NFL players. The helmet-to-helmet hit rule is as follow: using any part of the helmet to butt, spear, or ram any part of the opponent’s helmet (Azpiri). A helmet-to-helmet hit is illegal in the NFL now.The punishment for a helmet-to-helmet hit for a NFL player is being fine with a gradual increase the next times they do it and/or suspension depending on the player’s penalty history. I propose for there not to be a helmet-to-helmet hit rule. The NFL should not include the helmet-to-helmet rule, by doing so; the rule will begin by taking one of the most exciting and popular parts out of the game, hard hits. One of the reasons why I believe that is because they have safety gear on such as: helmets, shoulder pads, knee pads, and thigh pads.If they keep adding rules, pretty soon, we will be able to call it flag football without tackling. Football is a violent sport, when players sign contracts with millions of dollars attached to them; they know how violent the game has always been. Not to mention, no one has to play. If a player does not want to take a hard hit, they do not have to. I agree with Rick Cleveland when he says, â€Å"They are ruining the game we love. Football is by nature a violent sport. Nobody says you have to play. Let them play football† (Cleveland).During my research, I found many NFL players that would agree that the helmet-to-helmet rule should not be a rule. For instance, James Harrison, who plays for the Pittsburg Steelers, made a statement after a helmet-to-helmet hit on a Cleveland Brown player during a game, which read â€Å"†¦ I didn’t hit that hard, to be honest with you. When you get a guy on the ground, it’s a perfect tackle† (Harrison). As Harrison said, a tackle is a tackle, no matter where or how hard you hit them. It is to me understanding that each and every NFL football player is taught everyday to play hard and it hard. NFL players know that they are taking a massive risk of getting injured every time they step a foot on a football field, whether it be for a game or just practice. If you have the football in your possession, you should be able to take a hit anywhere on your body, even if it is on your helmet. There is no point in time where a line should be drawn. If a player makes helmet-to-helmet contact unintentionally, he should not be fined as much as if it were intentional. Helmets keep a players head safe during a game.Most NFL players still wear helmets that were made in the nineteen-nineties (Halstead). DeSean Jackson now has an anti-concussion football helmet (Chase). If helmet companies ma nufactured more anti-concussion helmets, players would be better off and the rule would definitely not need to be in play. Also, according to Halstead, in two thousand-thirteen, players will finally have price breaks from helmet companies to be able to buy newer safe helmets (Halstead). If players buy more anti-concussion helmets, they would not get injured as easy nor would the helmet-to-helmet hit rule need to take place.

Definition and Discussion of Classical Rhetoric

Definition and Discussion of Classical Rhetoric Definition The expression classical rhetoric refers to the  practice and teaching of rhetoric in ancient Greece and Rome from roughly the fifth century B.C. to the early Middle Ages. Though rhetorical studies began in Greece in the fifth century B.C., the practice of rhetoric began much earlier with the emergence of Homo sapiens. Rhetoric became a subject of academic study at a time when ancient Greece was evolving from an oral culture to a literate one. See the observations below. Also see: Definitions of Rhetoric in Ancient Greece and RomeAn Overview of Classical Rhetoric: Origins, Branches, Canons, Concepts, and ExercisesRhetoric Review QuestionsDialecticDissoi LogoiGlossary of Rhetorical TermsLetteraturizzazioneOrality Oratory  and  The Parts of a Speech PraxisSophistsStoic GrammarTechneWhat Are the Five Canons of Rhetoric?What Are the Progymnasmata?What Are the Three Branches of Rhetoric? Periods of Western Rhetoric Classical RhetoricMedieval RhetoricRenaissance RhetoricEnlightenment RhetoricNineteenth-Century RhetoricNew Rhetoric(s) Observations [T]he earliest surviving use of the term rhetorike is in Platos Gorgias in the early fourth century BCE. . . . [I]t is likely, although impossible to prove definitively, that Plato himself coined the term.(David M. Timmerman and Edward Schiappa, Classical Greek Rhetorical Theory and the Disciplining of Discourse. Cambridge University Press, 2010) Rhetoric in Ancient GreeceClassical writers regarded rhetoric as having been invented, or more accurately, discovered, in the fifth century B.C. in the democracies of Syracuse and Athens. . . . [T]hen, for the first time in Europe, attempts were made to describe the features of an effective speech and to teach someone how to plan and deliver one. Under democracies citizens were expected to participate in political debate, and they were expected to speak on their own behalf in courts of law. A theory of public speaking evolved, which developed an extensive technical vocabulary to describe features of argument, arrangement, style, and delivery . . . .Classical rhetoriciansthat is, teachers of rhetoricrecognized that many features of their subject could be found in Greek literature before the invention of rhetoric . . .. Conversely, the teaching of rhetoric in the schools, ostensibly concerned primarily with training in public address, had a significant effect on written composition, and thus on literature.(George Kennedy, A New History of Classical Rhetoric. Princeton University Press, 1994) Roman RhetoricEarly Rome was a republic rather than a direct democracy, but it was a society in which public speaking was as important to civic life as it had been in Athens . . ..The ruling elite [in Rome] viewed rhetoric with suspicion, leading the Roman Senate to ban the teaching of rhetoric and close all the schools in 161 BC. Although this move was partially motivated by strong anti-Greek sentiments among the Romans, it is clear that the Senate also was motivated by a desire to eliminate a powerful tool for social change. In the hands of demagogues like the Gracchi, rhetoric had the potential to stir the restless poor, inciting them to riots as part of the endless internal conflicts among the ruling elite. In the hands of skillful legal orators like Lucius Licinius Crassus and Cicero, it had the power to undermine Romes traditionally rigid interpretation and application of law.(James D. Williams, An Introduction to Classical Rhetoric: Essential Readings. Wiley, 2009) Rhetoric a nd WritingFrom its origin in 5th century BC Greece through its flourishing period in Rome and its reign in the medieval trivium, rhetoric was associated primarily with the art of oratory. During the Middle Ages, the precepts of classical rhetoric began to be applied to letter-writing, but it was not until the Renaissance . . . that the precepts governing the spoken art began to be applied, on any large scale, to written discourse.(Edward Corbett and Robert Connors, Classical Rhetoric for the Modern Student. Oxford University Press, 1999) Women in Classical RhetoricThough most historical texts focus on the father figures of classical rhetoric, women (though generally excluded from educational opportunities and political offices) also contributed to the rhetorical tradition in ancient Greece and Rome. Women such as Aspasia and Theodote have sometimes been described as the muted rhetoricians; unfortunately, because they left no texts, we know few details about their contributions. To learn more about the roles played by women in classical rhetoric, see Rhetoric Retold: Regendering the Tradition from Antiquity Through the Renaissance, by Cheryl Glenn (1997); Rhetorical Theory by Women Before 1900, edited by Jane Donawerth (2002); and Jan Swearingens Rhetoric and Irony: Western Literacy and Western Lies (1991). Primary Rhetoric, Secondary Rhetoric, and LetteraturizzazionePrimary rhetoric involves utterance on a specific occasion; it is an act not a text, though subsequently it can be treated as a text. The primacy of pri mary rhetoric is a fundamental fact in the classical tradition: through the time of the Roman Empire teachers of rhetoric, whatever was the real situation of their students, took as their nominal goal the training of persuasive public speakers; even in the early Middle Ages, when there was reduced practical opportunity to exercise civic rhetoric, the definition and content of rhetorical theory as set forth by Isidore and Alcuin, for example, show the same civic assumption; the revival of classical rhetoric in Renaissance Italy was foreshadowed by renewed need for civic rhetoric in the cities of the 12th and 13th centuries; and the great period of neoclassical rhetoric was the time when public speaking emerged as a major force in church and state in France, England, and America.Secondary rhetoric, on the other hand, refers to rhetorical techniques as found in discourse, literature and art forms when those techniques are not being used for an oral, persuasive purpose. . . . Frequent m anifestations of secondary rhetoric are commonplaces, figures of speech, and tropes in written works. Much literature, art and informal discourse is decorated by secondary rhetoric, which may be a mannerism of the historical period in which it is composed. . . .It has been a persistent characteristic of classical rhetoric in almost every stage of its history to move from primary to secondary forms, occasionally then reversing the pattern. For this phenomenon the Italian term letteraturizzazione has been coined. Letteraturizzazione is the tendency of rhetoric to shift focus from persuasion to narration, from civic to personal contexts, and from speech to literature, including poetry.(George Kennedy, Classical Rhetoric and Its Christian and Secular Tradition, 2nd ed. University of North Carolina Press, 1999)

Anthropological Theory Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Anthropological Theory - Assignment Example The author goes into detail and examines extending of the interconnection and the relationships of such names and tries to place them into their reality. In his idea of interconnections, Eric Wolf states that the reification has led to the misconception of the fact about nations. He cites that nations have been taken as entities that existed independently of one another. However, in his idea of connections, Eric Wolf clearly outlines the relationship between nations dating back a long time ago. Eric Wolf cites the dangers of reification as being that of giving falsehood on the reality of humanity. He cites that there is a neglect of interrelationships between human beings. He gives examples of the spread of diseases from past to present, similarly, he cites the diffusion of people through slavery and servitude to justify his idea of connections. One other danger, Eric Wolf cites in his idea of connections is that reification has led to the misconception and division of disciplines. He gave examples to show how scholars of Sociology and political science split political economy. He cites these examples as misleading misconceptions from scholars. Eric Wolf critically examines social sciences split from political economy. He argues that political economy made sense since it justified the idea of interconnection. He points out that the treatment of independent states, for instance, the United States and Greece as static and in rival by stable internal interactions and control from outside has prevented us from understanding their relationships and confrontations, a fact inconsistent with his idea of interconnections. He further points out that the difficulty is further compounded with the imaginary arrangement and division of nations into blocks as well as civilization based categorizations. Such names like, the East and West, the civilized and developed west and the

Intervention for People with Learning Disability Essay

Intervention for People with Learning Disability - Essay Example People with learning disabilities are twice likely to have health problems, relative to other people, yet recent reports have indicated that people with learning disabilities manifest higher levels of unmet needs and usually receive less effective treatment despite legislation demanding equal treatment. Research studies have explored five broad classes of determinants of health inequalities that a majority of people with learning disabilities, in principle, encounter possibly open to intervention: heightened risk of exposure to social determinant of health; heightened risk linked to particular genetic and biological causes of learning disabilities; communication difficulties and minimized health â€Å"literacy†; personal health risks and behaviours; and, deficiencies in access to and the quality of health provision (Silver 2005, p.4). The existing patterns of healthcare provision are inadequate, inequitable and likely to be in contravention of legal requirements as per the Dis ability Discrimination Acts of 1995 and 2005. Individuals with learning disabilities, especially with less learning disabilities are highly probable to be exposed to social determinants such as poor housing conditions, poverty, overt discrimination, unemployment, and social disconnectedness. Research studies have demonstrated that individuals from minority ethnic communities face even larger health inequalities, compared to people with individuals coming from major ethnic communities. The limited communication skills may also minimize their capacity to convey identified health needs effectively to others (Mitchell 2004, p.201). Individuals with learning disabilities experience a lack of knowledge and choice regarding health... This essay approves that individuals with learning disabilities, especially with less learning disabilities are highly probable to be exposed to social determinants such as poor housing conditions, poverty, overt discrimination, unemployment, and social disconnectedness. Research studies have demonstrated that individuals from minority ethnic communities face even larger health inequalities, compared to people with individuals coming from major ethnic communities. The limited communication skills may also minimize their capacity to convey identified health needs effectively to others. This report makes a conclusion that the nursing assessment, coupled with the identification of an individual’s health needs is usually a complex and multidimensional process. It is essential to give people options, instead of making demands as this can allow clients to make choices that influence their own lives and environment, which in turn, can play a big role in making a difference to the quality of life and behaviour. Individuals with learning disabilities can be regarded as one of the most vulnerable groups in society. People with learning disabilities are at risk of abuse and neglect by both institutions and individuals. Studies indicate that individuals with learning disabilities manifest greater healthcare needs, relative to the general population, and most of these needs are unmet. Majority of people with learning disabilities manifest complex needs that can include sensory and/or physical impairments, challenging behaviour, and mental health needs, which require the nurse to be capable to avail a skilled assessment, intervention and care planning.

Results chapter (MICROBIOLOGY specialists only) Essay

Results chapter (MICROBIOLOGY specialists only) - Essay Example Each T-cell receptor has a specific unique peptide: Major Histocompatibility Complex with them. The Spleen contains lymphocytes and another type of white blood cells called Macrophages. Thus spleen is also the best source of lymphocytes. The T-cells are usually divided into two major Subsets- T Helper cells and T-Killer cells. The T-helper cells are called as CD4+ cells and T-killer cells are called as CD8+ cells. Early growth response gene – 2, a zinc finger transcription factor is expressed in the CD44 cells. It also controls their activation and proliferation. In the absence of this EGR gene -2 at CD44high + cells, and not CD44low + cells, the T cells were found to be hyper reactive and hyperproliferative in vivo. (Zhu et. al, 2008) In this experiment, two types of cells were used for FACS research, Wild type and EGR-2 Transgenic mice. The cells extracted from the spleen are separated for the lymphocytes and then mixed with 1 ÃŽ ¼l of the antibodies. The antibodies used are CD3 P (Phycoerythrin)+CD4 F(Fluorescein), CD3 P+CD8 F, CD4 F+CD8 P. (labtestsonline.org, 2009). The number of the positive cells were calculated for the two types and compared with each other. The wild type and the EGR-transgenic mice spleenocytes were stained with CD4 (FITC SL) + CD8 (PE SL). The results have shown that the wild type mice has the normal count. The CD4 positive cells are greater than the CD8 cells normally. In transgenic mice, the CD4 and CD8 cells counts are nearly the same. The EGR-Transgenic mice are found to have greater CD8 cells than the wild type. The wild type and the EGR-transgenic mice spleenocytes were stained with CD3 (PE SL) + CD4 (FITC SL). The results indicate that There was no characteristic difference in the CD3 positive cells in both wild type and EGR2. Whereas the CD4 positive cell count was nearly double in the wild type when compared to the EGR2 Tr. The staining of all the three type spleenocytes with CD4 FITC +CD3 PE, has showed that

Modern Social Thought Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Modern Social Thought - Essay Example Nadia’s choice is in the best interest of her children but her decision is frowned upon by her own parents thus ostracizing her from her parents and relatives. Even though Aarif, Nadia’s husband, left her and her children homeless due to his drug habit, Nadia gets no sympathy from her relatives. Nadia is seemingly encountering social exclusion due to her going against the traditions of her Muslim upbringing even though it is for necessary purposes.   Nadia’s circumstances can be said to be a function of family dynamics, social dynamics, and cultural dynamics. All three of these aspects are unfortunately working against her in her attempt to raise and care for her children in the presence of a patriarchal upbringing and religion. When studying Nadia’s situation from a modern social theory, one can utilize Marxism as a guideline for better comprehension, â€Å"Karl Marx is a central figure in a broader theoretical fraction: modern social theory†(Antonia, 2003).   The first point which should be made concerning the facts surrounding Nadia’s life, is that each event and circumstance which has been described in the case study as taking place in Nadia’s life, is actually impacting her place in society as well as her personal feelings and her ability to cope and respond to stressors, â€Å"Social practices are not reflecting natural differences with these diacritical marks of gender. They are weaving a structure of symbol and interpretation around them and often vastly exaggerating or distorting them†(Connell, 1987). As a woman, Nadia is at a further disadvantage because of her patriarchal family.   Nadia is living in the Westernized country of the U.K. where among certain groups, arranged marriage is still the ‘norm’ (Giddens, 2006).

Gillette Fusion Case Study

Gillette Fusion Case Study Introduction Gillette holds leadership market share which is 70% within the razors market (PG 2008). The companys success has been created by regular product innovations and prestigious campaigns in order to boost the sales. However, one product namely Fusion, which is the first five bladed razor has captured 55% of all new razor sales in the US just four weeks after launch (Datamonitor, 2008). What is more, Fusion was expected to be Procter and Gambles fastest ever product to reach a US$1 billion in sales (Datamonitor, 2008). This paper will focus on why it is so important to move customers to Fusion and how to attain and promote this migration. Why Gillette is so desperate to move all customers to Fusion The Boston Consulting Group matrix provides a framework for allocating resources among different products. This technique is useful for multi-divisional and multi-product companies such as Gillette since it allows them to compare different products and decide where to invest the money. As can be seen above single blade razor is a dog which means that this product has a low market share and low growth rate and it do not generate large amount of cash. However, dogs can turn out to be a cash trap since Gillettes money can be tied up there with no potential for the future increase. Furthermore, Mach 2 double blade razor is between being a dog and question mark but due to market saturation and product advancements Mach 2 soon will be a dog with low market share and growth. Mach 3 triple blade razor on the other hand, is between a question mark position which is low market share but high market growth rate and a star. Star can generate large sums of money because of its strong market share but at the same time can consume a lot of resources due to high growth rate. Mach 3 has the potential to gain market share and become a star however, Gillette found out that when Mach 3 did not become a market leader there was a possibility that it would become a dog with a little market growth. As a result, Gillette focused all its attention on Fusion which is between being a star and a cash cow that gives greater return on assets than the market growth rate. Consequently, Gillette analysed the BCG matrix and decided that the company needs to persuade all the customers to buy Fusion in order to achieve a status of cash cow for this product and bring continued profit with relatively little investment in the future. Furthermore, according to Armstrong and Kotler (2008) the best way for Gillette to achieve that position was to introduce new product in this case Fusion that outdate the existing ones Mach 3 Mach 2 and single blade razors. Therefore, Gillette is using positive cannibalization practice. This means that the company is focusing its marketing resources on switching its own customers from Mach 3 to more profitable Fusion line instead of trying to gain more market share from competitors (Ritson, 2009). In the long run this is more effective strategy as it is cheaper for Gillette to market to existing customers and easier to covert them than anyone else (Holland 2008). The marketing plan Marketing mix is a part of marketing plan that involves different techniques to influence perception favorably towards the product (Keller Kotler, 2006). The main parts of marketing mix are four Ps which are known as Product, Price, Place and Promotion: Product: Gillette Fusion is the first shaving system for men that combines revolutionary blade technologies on the front and on the back (Gillett, 2008). Price: The next part of the marketing plan is the pricing strategy as this will indicate what kid of ROI (Return on Investment) the company will have (Dewhurts Burns, 1989). However, the charge has to be competitive but still allow the company to make a reasonable profit (Barrow et all 2005). In this case reasonable will depend on the customer. Gillette charges 40% price premium over Mach 3 and to persuade its customers to switch for a Fusion the company needs better communication. This means by educating existing consumers on product advancements and improved shaving performance, only then higher price can be justified. Place- Distribution as shown below Instead of selling directly to the consumer Gillette sells through an intermediary such as a wholesaler and retailer who resell companys products Fusion razors. Promotion Marketing communication which is a different term for promotion constitutes part of the marketing mix. It is not a single entity but rather, involves a wide range of activities that aim to convey marketing messages to target audiences (Pickton Broderick, 2001). Those activities can be classified into four overlapping heading. To promote the migration from older Gillettes products to Fusion the company can use sales promotion. That means launch an introductory promotional discount joined with a competition with entry via product purchase. This could grab the attention of male consumers and encourage existing to switch. Another idea to convince existing consumers to use Gillette fusion is to advertise it for different parts of the body and not only for the face. The advertisement can be supported by online campaign (interactive videos) which will encourage the clients to use Gillette razors to shave for example their armpits. Finally, new form of public relations should be used to spread the word via blog. Gillette could create a shortlist of influential bloggers that are male between 18 and 35 years of age. Then, the company would send them a gift pack including Fusion razor, shaving gel and aftershave with some background details of the product. Further, Gillette could influence them to use it for a short period of time and write about their experiences on their blogs. As a result, this could promote migration of companys existing customer base to Fusion from the older razor products. Conclusion After detail analysis it can be concluded that Gillette wants to migrate companys existing customer base to use Fusion. Since Fusion is perceived as a cash cow which brings continuous profits with relatively little investment in the future. Furthermore, the best way to attaining a massive migration to Fusion will be by sales promotion, online advertising and writing blogs. Consequently, massive migration to Fusion will be achieved. References: Armstrong, G. and Kotler, P. (2008) Principles of marketing 13th ed., New Jersey, Pearson Prentice Hall Aaker, D. A. (1995) Strategic Market Management, 4th ed. John Wiley Sons, New York. Barksdale H. C. and Harris C. E (1982). Portfolio analysis and the plc Long Range Planning, 15(6): 74- 83. Barrow.C.Barrow.P.,Brown,R.,(2005) The Business Plan Workbook, 5th Ed, Cambrian Printers, Wales. Burns.P. (2007) Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 2nd Ed, Palgraive Macmilla, New York. Datamonitor, (2008) Gillette Fusion case study: developing a US$1 billion brand available from http://www.market-research-report.com/datamonitor/CSCM0171.htm (accessed 2 December) Dewhurts.J.Burns.P.,(1989) Small Business Planning Finance and Control , 2nd Ed, Macmillan Education, London. Gillette (2008) P G Annual Report available form http://www.scribd.com/doc/5892225/PG-2008-Annual-Report (accessed on 2 December). Holland A. (2008) Sherpa Blog: Quick, Easy Step to Increase Repeat Buyers (Profits) Real-Life Marketing Story available from http://www.marketingsherpa.com/article.php?ident=30687 (accessed 3 November). Keller K.L. Kotler,P (2006) Marketing Management, 12th Ed, Pearson Education, New Jersey. Kotler P. Armstrong G. Saunders J. and Wong V. (1999) Principles of Marketing, 2nd European edn, London: Prentice Hall Europe. P G (2008) Annual Report overview 2008 available form http://www.pg.com/annualreport2008/financials/mda-overview.shtml (accessed 3 December) Pickton D. W. and Broderick A. (2001) Integrated Marketing Communications, London, Financial Times Prentice Hall. ch. 1. Ritson M. (2009) 5 Reasons Gillette Is The Best A Brand Can Get available from http://www.brandingstrategyinsider.com/2009/06/5-reasons-gillette-is-the-best-a-brand-can-get.html (accessed 3 December) Shimp T . A (1997). Advertising and Promotion and Supplemental Aspects of Integrated Marketing Communications, 4th ed, Fort Worth: Dryden Press.

What is there to Know about WNV and WNE Essay -- Biology Medical Biome

What is there to Know about WNV and WNE? West Nile Virus (WNV) is an arbovirus that causes West Nile Encephalitis (WNE), an inflammation of the brain. The virus was first found in an Ugandan woman, and spread throughout all areas of the world, from Europe to Oceania. WNV is virus carried by mosquitoes and birds. Other organisms are the secondary carriers of the virus. The first outbreak resulted in victims of WNE. Since then the U.S has been alert and cautious about the virus for public health. The virus is known to affect animals as well. Up to now there is no special treatment or vaccine for WNV and its symptoms. However, there are ways to preclude you from getting the virus. Though the chances of getting WNV and a fatal case are slim, the symptoms aren’t worth risking. West Nile Encephalitis is a brain inflammation that is caused by mosquitoes. WNE is new to the U.S.A and broke out less than a decade ago in one of the states. So far there aren’t any vaccines for WNV, but there are methods of prevention. Up to this day, WNE isn’t common; however, it is a brutal enemy to those who are infected. The first outbreak of WNE was in New York City in 1999. Four deaths occurred in 1999 due to WNE (Illinois Department of Public Health). Studies show that there was less involvement with their cortex, thalamus, and cerebellum. Their microglial modules that carried histiocytes and lymphocytes were dispersed and they also developed leptomeningitis. Two years later, in the autumn of 2001, the infection spread to Iowa and Missouri. There were 54 infected people in Illinois and a death in 2003 (Illinois Department of Public Health). By now, WNE has spread to the West Coast. Researchers aren’t sure how WNV or WNE was introduced to the U.S.A.... ...tious of areas that are reported to have infected mosquitoes. If anyone is going outside during the times of day or the places where they are prone to get infected, being cautious and careful can prevent a severe case of WNE. What Is There 5 References 1) Burke, A Cunha, MD. (2004, Dec). West Nile Encephalitis. eMedicine. 7/27/05: http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic3160.htm 2) Dr. Tom Solomon. (2005, June). West Nile Encephalitis. Encephalitis Information Resource. 7/27/05: http://www.encephalitis.info/TheIllness/TypesEncephalitis/WestNile.html 3) Lee, M.C. 2003. West Nile Virus overview and abstracts. New York: NOVA 4) Illinois Department of Public Health. West Nile Virus. 7/27/05: http://www.idph.state.il.us/public/hb/hbwestnile.htm 5) White, Dennis J. et all. 2001. West Nile Virus Detection, Surveillance, and Control. New York: New York Academy of Sciences.

Managing Workplace Safety and Health

Nowadays, there are so many countries that have a problem with the employment of their citizens. The government of some countries can not manage to provide them with the jobs that would help them finance their living and their needs. The lack of job opportunities enables stagnation of the potential of the people thus disables the manpower of a certain country to grow and develop. Clearly, there are also so many problems that arise with this very serious unemployment.First, the resources of the country might not be used into its fullest since there are no funds for the farming or whatever job that do not require much machines or infrastructures, like with the farms and forests. Secondly, the population can increase unreasonably since people who might be just spending their time enjoying the dominion that God has permitted us with, to spread the good news and to multiply and recreate. Third, the people in a certain country might want to have a strike for their officials who do not have that potential to provide them what they need in their lives and that is to suffice the need to eat, by which I can recall as one of the primary needs of a person. Thus, this situation may lead to war making the country unfit for peaceful living.Speaking of War, we all know that Iraq is a place where some atrocities and turmoil is present because of the terrorism issue that other countries accuse them. The war has already damaged a lot of natural resources and even killed a thousand lives, whether Iraqi or other people with different nationalities that worked in Iraq. Those people who just wanted to earn something to provide their family financial support, those who already have the potentials and risked their fate by trusting that they will be safe in Iraq, were unlucky to have killed brutally by the guns and bombs that the war have given.The unemployment that is mentioned above is also a way why such people were killed in this country. Those countries that do not have enough slot s for their people tend to send those unemployed to Iraq to find money; hence what they can find is death. Their willingness to sacrifice for their families is equaled by the threats that they might encounter upon arriving at the country that could make them be drained, drained emotionally and even physically.Part of this paper is to analyze how the HR Managers treat this kind of situation aside from the fact that there are hundreds and thousands of unemployed citizens. Do they really intend to help these persons and their families or they are just for the benefit of their commissions given that those companies in Iraq, or their companies that have other bases or branch in Iraq pay double or triple times the price of a normal salary in a peaceful country? There were analyses on how these people deal with the situation given that there are really many things that are being risked in this country, Iraq.The first question goes on how the HR’s are being influenced for this kind o f risking. I think, aside from the fact that working abroad is something really adventurous to most people in the world, it is the deal that goes with the case, that is someone will have to work in Iraq and he/she will be provided of certain benefits that will encourage even his/her family to support that endeavor.There could be lots of offers that they may put into their contracts upon the acceptance of the application of those apprentices. Having so many bombings, it is not a joke to really invest one of your feet just for the sake of money, which is also one of the motivations of the HR managers that they too are risking their credibility to people who might want to work for their company. From the article of Susman saying that there really are bombings in Iraq, there are already so many warnings for the people who would want to give their best shots in Iraq. They will be heroes if they will be killed because of their loving hearts for their families.Giving the unemployed jobs in Iraq might also be a way to decrease the number of populations residing on an overpopulated country, with that intention of course that is hidden by the administration. If this is to be transferred, I think, some Hr managers can just gather these people who want to work in Iraq for big money and just give them something more difficult than letting them face the mask of death and even the haunting black man carrying a knife or a sword. Here, we can say that there are still ways to make them safe of the trouble of the war, that is to wait until the issue between Iraq and the other countries fade. As with the article of Whitaker, there was a military man who will have punishments for being the cause of fatalities with some women and children in Iraq.In my point of view, the danger of risking someone else’s life with the kind of wage the HR Managers are promising their employees is not worth the existence of those beings. It is very difficult to raise a child and give him/her th e education that he/she opt to have at their young age. Those people would always want to have something to apply their education and for the unfortunate who resides on countries with scarcity of jobs in turn be working on a country that promises only threats to their emotional and physical beings.Perhaps it can strengthen the spiritual aspects of that person that they will be able to call the Father Almighty every now and then to protect them with the harms not only the war can give them but by their bosses who might be influenced by the present turmoil in Iraq. I think, the benefits they will be getting in working in Iraq shall just be placed in funds that will enable that state or country make or build establishments that will provide them the money they need. Sometimes, courage is not measured by facing the most scary things in life but by looking for ways to solve the different struggles we encounter every day no matter how easy or complicated they are.

Detailed commentary between Hamlet and the Ghost Essay

The play ‘Hamlet’ was written in politically tempestuous times in London. Much importance surrounded the outward support of the monarch, Elizabeth. During her reign, religion caused divisions and factions of the Protestant church considered the theatre as sinful, amoral perhaps. In his plays, Shakespeare uses his understanding of humanity to entertain by addressing love, power, loyalty, honour and friendship. These values address unchanging aspects that touch us even today. At the time of this play, Shakespeare was experimenting and developing new theatrical techniques in an attempt to impress his audiences. ‘Hamlet’, a timeless tale of murder, is intended to portray the importance of the monarchy, family dynamics, friendships and betrayals. This then is the underlying setting of the theme for ‘Hamlet’ – opening on a dark winter night, creating an ethos of suspense and intrigue while providing entertainment to an otherwise deprived audience. The conversation between Hamlet and the Ghost can be interpreted and understood in many different ways. It is strongly suggested that the repercussions of this conversation will determine the revenge -tragedy that is the essence of the play ‘Hamlet’. The Ghost begins the colloquy by psychologically manipulating Hamlet into feeling sorry for him; he does so my declaring: ‘When I to sulphurous and tormenting flames,’ thus stating he does not have much time until he has to return to his Catholic purgatory, as he was not allowed to receive the obligatory sacrament before dying: ‘Uhous’led, disappointed, unanel’d. ‘ This would provoke a religious reaction of demonising the Ghost from a predominantly Protestant audience, thus creating a degree of tension – intentionally; a manipulative technique by Shakespeare. Throughout the exchange, ostensibly, the Ghost is attempting to stimulate Hamlet’s motive for revenge on Claudius. ‘If thou didst ever thy dear father love,’ the Ghost targets Hamlet’s filial duty as a son to seek revenge on Claudius because he committed fratricide and regicide. ‘Murder most foul, as in the best it is: but this most foul, strange and unnatural,’ the Ghost further provokes Hamlet to act. Knowing that Hamlet is a procrastinator, the audience is inciting him to take action. How can the Ghost, as the repentant soul it is, ask his son to go against God’s forbiddance of revenge? -‘ Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder? ‘ The Ghost really angers Hamlet when he mentions, ‘That incestuous, that adulterate beast:’ here is where Hamlet is hurt the most, as if adding more fuel to a fire, or rubbing salt to a wound. By use of metaphorical language,’ Prey on garbage’, the Ghost intends to compare itself to the ‘Radiant angel’, Gertrude representing lust and Claudius is the ‘filth’. ‘If thou hast nature in thee, bear it not,’ this really puts Hamlet in an awkward situation; he does feel for his father and clearly wants to seek revenge, but it is clearly against his religion and nature as a person to commit murder. The Ghost’s intention – in providing such vivid detail about his death – is to stimulate and provoke action from Hamlet. Hamlet’s reaction to the Ghost is surprisingly courageous. ‘As meditation or the thoughts of love may sweep to my revenge’. This statement is bursting with courage and bravery and it seems Hamlet will act. ‘O my prophetic soul,’ Hamlet claims he had, (in hindsight) always suspected, that it was Claudius who was responsible for the death of his father, although he has not mentioned it previously. This is a display of youthful assertiveness. ‘O all you host of heaven! O earth! What else? ‘ This statement shows just how distraught Hamlet is by the convergence of having lost his father; his mother perceivably, to Claudius; his throne to Claudius and receiving instruction from a Ghost! This apparition is telling him to seek revenge on Claudius – despite the fact that it may contradict his religious beliefs. By the following non – sequitur statement: ‘O most pernicious woman,’ Hamlet spontaneously turns his attention and thoughts once again towards his mother instead of focusing on the traitor who murdered his father. In this way, he reveals his Oedipus Complex once more: ‘O villain, villain, smiling, damned villain. ‘ This statement could be referring to Claudius, the Ghost itself, or his mother. It is most probable that this statement is referring to his mother because Hamlet seems most distressed by that fact that she re-married! By Hamlet’s light – hearted reference to the Ghost,’ You hear this fellow in the cellarage,’ Shakespeare intends to diffuse the doubting attitude of the audience, adding a fleeting touch of humour, perhaps. ‘As I perchance hereafter shall think meet to put an antic disposition on. ‘ Hamlet states he will behave in an eccentric manner, to appear to have taken leave of his senses – to try and learn more about Claudius’ treachery, To catch the conscious of the King’. What Hamlet has not realised is that even if he does find out more information about his uncle’s treacherous behaviour, no one will believe him because of his perceived madness. A contemporary audience would have been disappointed with Hamlet’s decision because they would have wanted Hamlet to act and seek revenge, not to be seen to hesitate or procrastinate. ‘Thou shall not kill’ – this is Hamlet’s religious belief. Here lies a problem for Hamlet. He has already promised revenge on Claudius, ‘I have sworn’t’ without thinking about the consequences of his actions. Hamlet, as a man of God, will find it difficult nigh impossible to kill, as it goes against the will of God, but would he break oath and defy the Ghost’s will? Hamlet is in a conundrum. The longer he waits, the situation intensifies. He is a well – read scholar, familiar with the melodramatic manifestations of the genre of a revenge-tragedy and therefore he plays the role of the typical tragic protagonist well. The Ghost acts and talks as though he still is was the King, ‘My most seeming virtuous queen. ‘ Here the Ghost reiterates to Hamlet that the Queen had nothing to do with his death and he should not think ill of her. However, the Ghost categorically proclaims that Claudius is guilty, ‘And in the porches of my ears did pour the leperous distilment’ and as a consequence of this he should suffer at Hamlet’s hand. The Ghost has already decided who is to blame; who should suffer and who must die. What gives him the authority to do so? It appears that the Ghost’s main purpose is to thicken the texture of the plot and to add to the theme of revenge. The supernatural serves to add a flavour of suspense, energy and tension to the play.

Influence of Ethics on Decision Making

Influence of Ethics on Decision Making Free Online Research Papers The influence of our coworkers and superiors along with our different values and beliefs has a huge impact on the way we as individuals make decisions. Some organizations encourage their employees to make ethical decisions while others promote immoral conduct. This paper examines the factors that influence ethical decision making and will also further discuss the impact that technology has as a stress inducer. The Influence of Ethics on Decision Making Many persons today assumed that individuals make difficult decisions within an organization, based on how he or she makes a decision in his or her family life. Social scientist have examined an individual’s decision-making abilities and have recognized that the pressures of organizational factors, individual factors and legal issues all influence the ethical decision making process. Most definitions define ethics as what is right or wrong. Ethical behavior means doing the right thing outside of the presence of others. Organizational ethics refers to employing integrity and honesty and using good values when making decisions. One difference between an ordinary decision and an ethical decision is the amount of emphasis placed on a person’s values when making an ethical decision. The mass media, interest groups and the legal system are the ‘judge’ who determines if a particular behavior is right or wrong. Whether these groups are true or false in their j udgment, society accepts or rejects an organization based on these judgments. Consequently values and judgments play a crucial role in ethical decision-making, and society establish them through legislation and social sanctions. A factor that determines a decision is based on how pertinent or important the case is, or the intensity of the issue. The importance of issues varies from time to time, and is influenced by one’s values and beliefs. Individuals and their values is one of the greatest challenges faced as it relates to organizational ethics. Individual factors are important in evaluating and resolving ethical issues. Conflicts between coworkers usually arise in the workplace and decisions that are made are based on their beliefs and moral philosophies. Ethical issues importance reflects an individual’s feelings, thereby activating the ethical decision-making process. Management can influence an ethical decision through rewards or punishments. Employees should train workers on how to handle ethical issues which is a step in developing the employees’ ability to make decisions which will also enhance organizational ethics. Decisions within an organization are made by individuals who belong to a meeting group or a committee. These decisions are guided by the organization’s culture and norms and are influenced by co-workers or superiors. Although most organizations encourage ethical practices some organizations reinforce unethical behavior Organizational practices and beliefs often create pressures and incentives that may contribute to an employee making an unethical decision. When an employees’ job is on the line it is difficult to say ‘no’ to a powerful superior. For example, a supervisor may request that one falsify profit documents. Initially it began with only a small falsified profit margin, eventually the margins grows extensively until it is completely out of control. When a company gains most of its profits from unethical or illegal behavior new moral up-standing employees may have a difficult time surviving, unless they part take in these illegal activities as w ell. Managers and coworkers help employees to deal or make decisions on unfamiliar tasks and provide background information on a daily basis. Employees in a group environment are subject to the ‘group think’ phenomenon and may go along with the group decision even if the decision differs from their values and beliefs. Some employees go along with their supervisors out of fear of offending, and may not question their directives in an organization that emphasizes respect for authority. Employees often feel obligated to follow their directives whether it is right or wrong. If the decision is questioned later the employees’ response is usually â€Å"I was following the bosses’ orders. Individuals also learn ethical or unethical behavior from persons they associate with. As a result decision makers who associate with unethical individuals usually behave and decide unethically as well. An organization’s culture and its influential employees may promote an environment that minimizes or maximizes misconduct. When such conditions provide rewards or financial gains, recognition or promotion, the opportunity for unethical conduct may be encourage or discouraged. For example a company may not provide punishment for an employee who violates the rules, which provide the opportunity for unethical behavior. In conclusion ethical decision-making do not solely depend on an individual’s value or belief. Employees do not work within a void; their decisions are based on the organization’s culture, the ethical climate, pressures of coworkers and supervisors and examples of peers and superiors. If rules and regulations are not in place to combat unethical conduct employees will be tempted to engage in such immoral activities. Organizations create its own ethical atmosphere and employees are significantly influence by this climate. The Impact of Technology on Stress On-the-job stress is a relatively new experience in modern day society People today now more than ever know what it means to experience work related stress. Over the years the work environment has gone through many changes and it continues to change. Changes have occurred from medical professionals to underwriting professionals from pilots to sales representatives. Challenges also continue to be the order for today’s workplace. For maximum performance to be achieved, challenge is almost imperative. Some employers have not yet realize that employees have only a limited mental and physical ability and may not always be able to handle the many challenges they face. As employees continue to apply pressure offering little support, employees experience work related stress. Moreover individuals are similar to machine they eventually break down or malfunction. Professional stress is a threat to one’s physical and mental health, and consequently affects the health of the organization. Work related stress is caused by a condition in the workplace that adversely affects an individual’s performance and sometimes affects one’s overall well-being. In some instances work stress is disabling, and chronic cases required psychiatric counseling. There are numerous factors that contribute to professional stress. Some of the most common causes are: Excessive Working Hours Some employees can work excessively, but only for a short period. After a while the body gets exhausted and burnt out and eventually leads to devastating results both physically and mentally. Work Under-load Employees perform the same duties repetitiously and the tasks become boring and routine. This factor has also been identified as a stress contributor. Job Insecurity Many organizations today are now experiencing restructuring, merging and downsizing. Employees fear that their company’s reformation will result in job loss. This uncertainty leads to work related stress. High Performance-Demand Employers set unrealistic expectations especially during corporate reformation. Employees may be timid to admit or express to their superiors that these time constricts are not feasible, not wanting to be viewed as not being able to handle a particular job. As a result employees burn themselves out, which again leads to tremendous stress and suffering. Workplace Culture Adjusting to a new environment sometimes poses a great deal of stress. Adapting to a workplace dress code, communication pattern, chain of command, behavioral patterns of coworkers and superiors, at times can be a lesson in itself. Some adjustments may cause conflicts with superiors and colleagues. Workplace gossip is also another major stress arouser. Personal Problems Employees tend to carry their anxiety and family life to the workplace. The individual may find it difficult to focus well on his or her job and may lack the ability to carry out the require job functions. T echnology The upgrade and expansion of computers, cell phones, fax machines and the internet has resulted in employers expecting high productivity, speed and efficiency. Employees are faced with sudden changes and sometimes limited or inadequate training. They are expected to perform well and become their own administration centers, with the computer system as the controller. Everyday interaction with coworkers is quickly subsiding and emails are replacing this channel of communication. As a result employee’s sense of well-being no longer exists and as anticipated this has a profound negative effect on one’s job performance. Today’s organizations are now giving serious considerations to stress management and are ensuring that it becomes a part of the company’s culture and philosophy. Measures are being taken to raise awareness and prevent stress in the workplace. Work related stress is induced through many forms and technology is one of the leading causes. As the face of technology continues to rapidly change, employees will be pressured to develop their abilities, thus it is imperative that employees determine the skill of coping with work related stress. References Schermerhorn, J.R., Jr., Hunt, J.G., Osborn, R.N. (2005). Organizational behavior (9th ed.). [University of Phoenix Custom Edition e-text]. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved June 11th, 2006, from University of Phoenix, Resource, and MGT331- Organizational Behavior Website. Spiers, Carol (2002). Organizational Stress: A Management Perspective. Retrieved June 11, 2006 from www.csa-stress.co.uk. 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